===Snapshots=== To **Create** snapshots: lvcreate (Volumn) -s -n (name of the snapshot) (location to store the snapshot) e.g. lvcreate -L300G -s -n ecc-b-01v.snap /dev/vm/ecc-b-01v To **Remove** snapshots: lvremove (name of snapshot @ stored location) e.g. lvremove /dev/vm/ecc-b-01v.snap To **Restore** snapshots: lvconvert --merge (Logical Volume Path) e.g. lvconvert --merge /dev/vg0/win10.snap ===Required Packages=== ``` sudo apt install nano \ util-linux linux-tools-common cpufrequtils lm-sensors libusb-dev \ git libglib2.0-dev libfdt-dev libpixman-1-dev zlib1g-dev git-email \ libcap-dev libcap-ng-dev libcurl4-gnutls-dev libgtk-3-dev valgrind \ xfslibs-dev -y git-email libnfs-dev libiscsi-dev libsdl2-dev libncurses5-dev \ libaio-dev libjemalloc-dev libjemalloc* libusb-1.0-0-dev ``` ===Test Environment== ``` ecc-admin@lkramer:~$ dd if=/dev/zero of=./disc.img bs=1M count=8096 #Copies 8096 blocks from /dev/zero to ./disc.img at 1MB "...." ecc-admin@lkramer:~$ sudo -i #Switch to super user [sudo] password for ecc-admin: root@lkramer:~# apt install lvm2 #Installs the lvm2 package "...." Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y "...." ecc-admin@lkramer:~$ pwd #Prints working directory /home/ecc-admin ecc-admin@lkramer:~$ pvcreate /home/ecc-admin/disc.img ecc-admin@lkramer:~$ sudo !! #Repeats previous command as super user sudo pvcreate /home/ecc-admin/disc.img ecc-admin@lkramer:~$ sudo losetup /dev/loop0 disc.img ecc-admin@lkramer:~$ sudo fdisk -l /dev/loop0 Disk /dev/loop0: 7.9 GiB, 8489271296 bytes, 16580608 sectors Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes ecc-admin@lkramer:~$ sudo pvcreate /dev/loop0 Physical volume "/dev/loop0" successfully created ecc-admin@lkramer:~$ sudo pvdisplay "/dev/loop0" is a new physical volume of "7.91 GiB" --- NEW Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/loop0 VG Name PV Size 7.91 GiB Allocatable NO PE Size 0 Total PE 0 Free PE 0 Allocated PE 0 PV UUID eMNWVe-qniS-mQmv-e9bc-xh7g-Haxr-khcRwK ecc-admin@lkramer:~$ vgcreate vg37 /dev/loop0 WARNING: Running as a non-root user. Functionality may be unavailable. /run/lvm/lvmetad.socket: connect failed: Permission denied WARNING: Failed to connect to lvmetad. Falling back to internal scanning. /run/lock/lvm/V_vg37:aux: open failed: Permission denied Can't get lock for vg37. ecc-admin@lkramer:~$ sudo vgcreate vg37 /dev/loop0 Volume group "vg37" successfully created ecc-admin@lkramer:~$ sudo lvcreate -L 2G -nVol vg37 Logical volume "Vol" created. ecc-admin@lkramer:~$ sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/ control vg37-Vol ecc-admin@lkramer:~$ sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/ control vg37-Vol ecc-admin@lkramer:~$ sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/vg37-Vol mke2fs 1.42.13 (17-May-2015) Discarding device blocks: done Creating filesystem with 524288 4k blocks and 131072 inodes Filesystem UUID: 8ef98944-f257-45ec-8eda-43d12f82b3b0 Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912 Allocating group tables: done Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (16384 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done ecc-admin@lkramer:~$ sudo mount /dev/mapper/vg37-Vol /mnt ecc-admin@lkramer:~$ mount "...." ecc-admin@lkramer:~$ df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on udev 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev tmpfs 799M 8.6M 790M 2% /run /dev/vda1 63G 7.2G 53G 12% / tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup tmpfs 799M 0 799M 0% /run/user/1000 /dev/mapper/vg37-Vol 2.0G 3.0M 1.8G 1% /mnt ecc-admin@lkramer:~$ ls automate_life.sh disc.img mount_life.sh unmount_life.sh ecc-admin@lkramer:~$ cat automate_life.sh ``` ===LVM Setup === ``` lang=bash #!/bin/bash DISK=/dev/sdd #Setting up the disk drive #Partitions the disk parted ${DISK} -s mklabel gpt #Scripts to make a new disk label of type gpt parted ${DISK} -s mkpart "" fat32 0% 512MB #Scripts to make a partition of filesystem fat32 that starts at the beginning of the existing disk and ends at 512MB parted ${DISK} -s mkpart "" ext4 512MB 100% #Scripts to make a partition of filesystem ext4 that starts at 512MB and stops at the end of the existing disk parted ${DISK} -s set 1 boot on #Scripts the first partition flag to "boot" and the state to "on" parted ${DISK} -s set 2 lvm on #Scripts the second partition flag to "lvm" (logical volume management) and the state to "on" sync #Writes data in the buffer to the disk mkfs.vfat ${DISK}1 #Creates a FAT file system?? pvcreate ${DISK}2 #Creates physical volume vgcreate vg1 ${DISK}2 #Creates 1 copy of a new volume group lvcreate -L 60GB -n root vg1 #Creates a new logical volume in the volume group created in the last command. Allocates 60GB named "root". lvcreate -L 16GB -n var vg1 #Creates a new logical volume. Allocates 16GB named "var". dd if=/dev/mapper/vg0-root of=/dev/mapper/vg1-root bs=1M status=progress #Copies data from /dev/mapper/vg0-root to /dev/mapper/vg1-root at 1M #Gives a warning if the previous copy command failed and exits the program if [[ $? != 0 ]]; then echo "root dd failed" exit 1 fi dd if=/dev/mapper/vg0-var of=/dev/mapper/vg1-var bs=1M status=progress #Copies data from /dev/mapper/vg0-var to /dev/mapper/vg1-var at 1M #Gives a warning if the previous copy command failed and exits the program if [[ $? != 0 ]]; then echo "var dd failed" exit 1 fi mount /dev/mapper/vg1-root /mnt && \ #Mounts the filesystem /dev/mapper/vg1-root to the directory /mnt mount /dev/mapper/vg1-var /mnt/var && \ #Mounts the filesystem /dev/mapper/vg1-var to the directory /mnt/var mount ${DISK}1 /mnt/boot/efi && \ #Mounts the created file system to the EFI partition mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev && \ #Connects the file systems /dev and /mnt/dev to make them both accessible from either location mount --bind /run /mnt/run && \ #Connects the file systems /run and /mnt/run to make them both accessible from either location mount --bind /sys /mnt/sys && \ #Connects the file systems /sys and /mnt/sys to make them both accessible from either location mount --bind /proc /mnt/proc #Connects the file systems /proc and /mnt/proc to make them both accessible from either location #Gives a warning if the mount failed and exits the program if [[ $? != 0 ]]; then echo "failed to mount" exit 1 fi # Modify /etc/hostnmae # Modify /etc/hosts # Modify /etc/fstab # Install grub # Update grub ```